2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the Greinacher voltage multiplier, invented by Swiss physicist Heinrich Greinacher in 1919. In 1932, Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Walton used this basic circuit to ...

Keeping op-amp outputs “live” at and below zero volts, generating symmetrical output signals, and processing bipolar analog inputs, are all examples of design situations where a few milliamps of ...

What is a charge pump? A charge pump provides dc-dc voltage conversion using a switch network to charge and discharge two or more capacitors. The basic charge pump switch network toggles between ...

For the PDF version of this feature, click here. High-speed servers, workstations and clock distribution networks are applications that require transistor-transistor logic (TTL) to emitter-coupled ...

Modern active components, such as A/D and D/A converters and operational amplifiers, typically don’t require a negative supply voltage. Op amps in particular are available with rail-to-rail inputs and ...